Lily Mollison

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Hi, I am a hairdresser and have been dealing with hairdressing for ten years, thus I've thought of sharing my experience concerning hair care, hairdos and haircuts.
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Eternal white There must be something common in those sexy girls, mythological stars, and models shining on catwalks…Oh, yeah! They’re all blondes! Madonna, Marilyn Monroe, Gwyneth Paltrow, Cameron Diaz, Carmen Kaas… Their sometimes stylish low-key hair and platinum color or sometimes dazzling hair does seem to claim “If you want to shine like a star, try blond!” Yet, the blondes’ history is quite long. Egyptian women liked to try unusual mixtures to obtain wonderful results. During the Renaissance there was a specific beauty standard - women should have golden hair and milky skin. Rich Venetian women wanted to differ from the common people and with this purpose they covered their skin with thin fabric being in the sunlight, and smeared the hair with a special solution made of saffron and lemon. Historical epochs face lots of blondes embodying the beauty ideal. Psychology Why people at all times like this myth and consider blonds to be fatally seductive? “Fair means light, gold color, standard values”, says a famous Paris psychoanalyst Francois Perlmutter, “It’s the tone popping you out from the shade. When a woman starts dreaming of getting success and be seductive, she decides to be blond.” A psychologist Francine Noah gives another explanation to the success of the blond. “Fair-haired almost means chaste. It is the color of virginity reminding our distant childhood.” ”Blond is the color of angels”, says Jack Dessange, who made the blond his fetish 40 years ago. “I created my first blond for Bridget Bardo, who is one of the most beautiful women in the world. This intense natural color calls up sweet recollections of beach and vacation.” Since that time the saying “blond by Dessange” has been implying constantly renewing shades of this color. However, the favorite shade and the best-seller of the stylist is the California tint, which was specially created for Eva Herzigova, a top-model. All blond tints Now the blond is going to attack after all tricks and bluffing. Freedom is everywhere, even with hair-does. Fluffy flying hair locks of ripe melon, mango, and caramel color come in fashion. The “appetizing” effect is reached by the hair toning solutions applied on the colored hair. The so-called Californian foiling with faded effect is also recommended to try. You can bleach only the fringe and hair framing the face. A good stylist will try to achieve the illusion of natural arrangement of faded hair. Keep in mind that any hair bleach causes hair stress. That is why it is recommended to change the natural color only for one or two tints and use only protective toning solutions. New fashion trends include naturalness, healthy hair look, freedom and natural warm hues such as shining honey, fair beige, gold. If you want to create a stylish punk image of 80s, you can use both asymmetric haircut and roughly cut ends, and spot foiling thus highlighting the haircut. Bleached fringe or back of the head will make the image more bright and interesting. Different tints become fashionable- from honey to cold shining. The last word in fashion is beige anyway. Coloration way is almost perfect; you can obtain the contrast in locks width or create various tones along the full hair length, for example, you can color roots darker and make ends lighter. With such coloring your hair grows and got the natural look. There is one more famous direction- to color upper locks in one tint and lower locks in a different hue. It makes for vivid color changed after moving the head. Colored hair needs special attention- don’t forget about masks, shampoos, and balsams retaining the color. There is a new trend- combination of cold pink and gold tints. Modern hair-dyes give the opportunity to every woman to become blonde, but if you want your haircut to look natural, you should use additional options- toning, color shampoo, or just glitter. The main principle today is to be natural and healthy. Italian protective hair-dyes provide for luxurious light hues - from gold to bronze. What’s in now? Effect of faded hair, “chatuge” highlighting that looks quite natural, unusual color play and “flash”- clear contrasting locks. You can also try natural henna; it creates warm and natural color and keeps the hair healthy, shining and vivid. Fair-haired: before and after How much does the hair suffer when woman decides to change the appearance? Beauty costs much - when you bleach the hair, even using protective dyes, natural color pigment is destroyed. Thus, cavities are formed in the hair structure making it fine and fragile, and hair demands special care. Stylists in beauty salons use silicon masks to strengthen the hair and fill in the cavities in the structure, and clay masks to reduce irritation and restoring the hair vitality. You will have to pay also for special solutions for your use only. This treatment takes some time, but it is necessary to have at least once a week. It’s recommended to use a nourishing cream with shea extract, which moistens, nourishes and protects your hair from kinks and breaking. Make a stabilizing healing mask with galangal root extract for colored hair. It smoothes each hair and makes it silky. Use an intensive care mask for colored hair to restore the hair structure, feed hair and obtain the lasting color. Buy a special shampoo to recover the damaged hair. We recommend the sun-blocking shampoo with vitamin E, shampoo containing vitamin and ginseng complex and ceramides, healing shampoo-cream with collagen for dry hair, and shamp*o for sensitive colored hair restoring its structure. After careful washing the hair and saturating it with nutrients, you strip it of the protection. When you use balsams, the hair is covered by a protective layer and is easy to comb. We recommend to use cream-rinse containing the pro-vitamin B5, which makes the color of foiling hair more vivid, balsam-rinse, and care spray, which restores the structure of sensitive colored hair. Energy water is good for gentle hair-do. Restoring care is good for dry hair as it contains proteins and amino acids, which smooth the hair after the first use. Balsams, which you should not wash out after applying, have a very strong effect. We recommend stabilizing foam-balsam with chestnut extract and B vitamins for colored hair. Hair care conditioner with the volume-increasing effect changes the structure of fine and damaged hair and smoothes the hair-do. Use hair care conditioner with the silk effect to make the hair more elastic and obtain the natural look of shining hair. Now you know this simple and effective three-step hair care system. If you use it, you will never face any problems while combing your hair. Use the shampoo with the intensively moistening conditioner for the hair tired of facing constant changes.
Written by Lily Mollison
Submitted by Lily Mollison

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In fact a prom hair-do is not so complicated to make. In most cases you can do it yourself without visiting a hairdresser. All you need is to have some practice and great imagination. If you know at least the basics, you will spend only a half an hour to make a prom hair-do. Choosing the hairstyle don’t forget the main rule- it should match the shape of your face.Here are some tips to begin with: - Don’t wash your hair just before the holiday. Do it earlier as clean hair is difficult to arrange in a good style. - Don’t forget about elegant hair accessories and pins. With their help even a simple hair-do looks elegant. Stock them up beforehand. - Use hair fixatives. Use hair cream or gel for curly hair as mousses and sprays make it too wiry. It is better to use gel for straight smooth hair to give it a light hold and a good shine. You can also use hair mousse. Use hair spray to fixate prom hair-dos. Here are some prom hair-dos you can easily make yourself: 1.The first hair-do I've got to offer has a free natural style; it is very easy, but striking. It suits best for wavy or curly, long and medium length hair. It matches almost any facial shape. Fix the upper and side strands high at the back of the head. Use hair-slide or pins. Let the lower hair strands hang free. 2.This prom hair-do is for short straight hair. Comb long locks from the forehead to the side. Comb the rest hair back coming up from underneath. Fix the side locks with glamour hair-pins. To obtain the modern look, apply hair mousse or gel to the ends and spread to make ends pointed and create an artistic confusion. 3.The hair-do is based on the French twist and will suit for straight or wavy hair of medium length. It matches any facial shape. Use hair mousse to increase the volume and fix the hair-do. Put hair back into a ponytail, but don’t fix it. Twist it along the whole length and fix with pins. To create the evening look, curl the ends and decorate the sides with hair accessories. Let some front locks hang free. Fix the hair-do with hair spray. 4.High hair buns match round, square and oval shapes of face. They make narrow faces look too long. The suggested cl*ssic prom-hair-do is for long hair. Sweep up the hair into a high ponytail. Fix it with elastic band of your hair color. Coil it clockwise around the base several times, but don’t strain it too much. Fix with hair-pins. Smooth the hair with gel or hair cream and fix it with hair spray. To create the evening look, decorate the hair with pins or other hair accessories. Don’t forget this style makes you look taller. 5.Here is a free style hair-do, also good for long straight or wavy hair. Chignons match round facial shape most as they make such faces look narrower and longer. The effect increases if the chignon is quite big and is fixed up at the back of the head. Comb the hair back to the chignon. Gather the hair back into a ponytail and fix it with the elastic band of your hair color. Put a special chignon device under and spread the hair above. Fix with pins. Let some locks hang free. 6.This prom up-do is good for wavy or curly hair. Apply some hair mousse to increase the volume and hair texture. Comb the hair and part it with fingers into separate locks. Comb up and fix at the back of the head in a low ponytail. 7.Here is one more prom hair-do for wavy and curly hair. Comb the hair back to the sides, twist it and fix with pins round the head. Decorate with flowers and hair accessories. Don’t wash the hair for 2 or 3 days and this hair-do would be easier to make. 8.This prom hair-do is good for wavy hair of medium length. You can curl the straight hair with hair-rollers or circling-irons. It matches long rectangle or oval facial shapes. Part the hair at the side and tease it. Fasten the hair-do with pins. To achieve the glamour look decorate the smooth side with pins, clips or other hair accessories. Fix with hair spray. 9.This prom hair-do matches any facial shape, any hair length and texture. Apply some hair mousse. Part the hair at the side. Arrange hair with fingers and fix it loosely with pins. Curl straight hair in the ponytail with hair-rollers or circling irons. 10.This Grecian hair-do will fit curly hair most of all. Comb the hair back and fix it high at the head top. Let some locks hang loose at the back of the head and at the temples. Decorate the hair-do with one or two large hair pins. To create a modern look, do it only at one side.
Written by Lily Mollison
Submitted by Lily Mollison

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Long hair is very difficult to arrange and you should have a great fantasy to look perfect. Here are some tips on prom hairdos making for long hair. You can hide split hair in flattering rolls. Pull the hair into a topknot, part it into thin locks. Make plaits till then roll and pin.If your hair is curly then take it at the ear level and roll into a weak plait. Pin it at the nape. Gather the back hair and roll them into plaits too. Fix the hairdo. Comb the hair back. Take a brush and curl the front, side and back locks inside towards the crown to hide the hair ends. Curl the hair, comb it back and fix with long hair clamps at the ear level. Fold the ends down using your hand. Fix the hairdo with shaping spray. If you’ve got wavy hair, this hairdo will suit you. Pull the hair into a ponytail and part in two strands. Make two rolls and pin along to secure. Curl the hair with velvet-covered hair-rollers and dry it this way. Use the banana-shaped pin to fix the hair. Pull free some front tendrils in a creative way. Fix some of them and let others hang free on the forehead. Curl the hair with large hair-rollers and dry it this way. Tease the roots. Take wide locks and roll them back. Fix the hairdo with long hair clamps.
Written by Lily Mollison
Submitted by Lily Mollison

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Retro has become fashionable again. Surprisingly, but this trend has been holding its position for already 5 years, since the Dior design house first shocked fashionable women, having offered them retro-fashion – 70s nostalgia. Design schools of 2006 offered models, worn by our parents in their youth age. For example, original-looking handbags, which were commonly called “Good-buy, youth”.That, what Dior brought into fashion, can be called returning to the past. Bright colors, riotous fantasy, audacious decisions – nothing is repeated, but at the same time everything is greatly familiar. Lace has again come into fashion. Lacy tops, camisoles with ruffles, mantelets in crochet, open-work knitted blouses. It’s just the time for going to a flea market and looking for… mm… a new dress there. Browse through your grandma’s clothes: probably a hit of the season hangs on a hanger and waits for its time. For women, virtuoso at knotting or crocheting, it’s time to open their own business this season. Barbie style is returning. Actually it didn’t leave. Pink tantalizing mouth, dark eyeliner, blue eyeshadow. It’s Britney Spears who started introducing this style in due time. There appeared many followers of hers: Jessica Simpson, the most popular “Legally Blonde” Reese Witherspoon, as well as all our tennis players and figure skaters blond. A leader among hairdos in 2006 year is long hair a bit past shoulders. Hair highlighting has fixedly come into fashion. This season it’s fashionable to wear natural hair: even though you had highlighting, your hair should look natural. Colors vary within one color row, no harsh and flashy tints, everything should be quite sweet and naïve.
Written by Lily Mollison
Submitted by Lily Mollison

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Bun in the crown Using a chignon you may create a prop hairdo, combining softness and elegance that are difficult to resist. If you loose some tendrils around the face and neck, it will greater stress the romantic of the hairdo. Thanks to the chignon the bun seems volumetric, however such result can be achieved by other means. There is a cunning way – vertically stick 2-3 bobby pins in the ponytail centre, creating by this the skeleton for a higher bun.Spirit of freedom If you have a hankering for making your prom hairdo unusual, try to part your hair in a zigzag way, then add a French braid, directing it from the nape towards the forehead. Braids tips are left unsecured. No doubt, this model runs counter to traditions and looks quite provoking, that’s way it suits only courageous women. French twist This simple method of creating a prom hairdo will unlikely go out of fashion. The prom hairdos set for long hair would be imperfect without the classic French twist. Combed back hair and fluent lines of the hairdo make any woman slimmer, taller and lengthen the neck visually. The graceful twist would suit any, even the most refined evening dress, at the same time being quite universal and looking appropriate both at the business meeting and prom. So, pull your hair back into a ponytail, and tightly twist it counter-clockwise. The role is put against the nape. Turn the hair around your finger as you continue to twist the tail. Tuck the hair ends under the twist and after putting the French twist into a desired shape secure it with bobby pins. Crown A crown shaped plait allows creating a magnificent prom hairdo for official meetings. The royal aura is achieved with the help of a long chignon, weaved into the plait, and some simple secrets. The hairdo is appropriate not only for official festivals, it looks stunning with 30s and 40s style clothing. Whatever the occasion is, you are doing this hairdo for, you will feel like a queen! This prom hairdo is done with the help of weaved into the plait chignon, clips and hair spray. French braids with a fillet This fanciful prom hairdo is nice for festive occasions. Make little, tight and straight plaits. As for the fillet for this hairdo, it’s better to take one with metallic thread. In comparison with a satin fillet, it gives gloss to the hairdo and secures the plait in a safer way. The hairdo takes a lot of time, but the result is worth of spent efforts. Prom hairdo with waves Especially lovely waves are got if you plait wet hair. After the plaits are dried up, they are unplaited and left flowing. Such prom hairdo looks both natural and sexual. Make use of this ruse on hot days: having returned home by the end of the day after swimming, quickly plait wet hair in thin braids (in about twenty four). You will feel chilly and by the sunset the hairdo is going to be ready. Unplait the hair and go to disco. Don’t make plait lines too even, otherwise the hair after combing will hang down in separate strands and you won’t be able to achieve a luxurious wavy mane. French braid bottom-up This French braid is started to be plaited from the neck, then neatly stretched upward against the back of the head and is finished at the front part of the head. To make the hairdo bend the head forward, comb the hair and plait the hair bottom-up. The got plait looks different from the rest. It creates a refined and well-groomed image, however it’s only within specialists’ capability to create such prom hairdo.
Written by Lily Mollison
Submitted by Lily Mollison

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The right chosen prom hairdo can make “an effect of plastic operation”, that will draw away attention from those face features that betray your age or have some flaws, and quite the contrary, will stress the most winsome features. Each prom updo is unique itself, the only thing you should do is make the right choice. Judging by complexity and fulfillment, prom updos usually surpass everyday ones. For prom hairdos the most important detail is artistic performance and beauty, rather than convenience and comfort: they are planned for a short period of time.Depending on a purpose, prom hairdos can be divided into: Hairdos for a prom shouldn’t be complicated and fanciful. Take into account that the prom starts with the ceremonial gathering and lasts for long enough. These hairdos are marked by lightness and refinement. Prom hairdos for grand occasions are not just smart – their purpose is to draw attention of people around. Prom hairdos for a home festival should be moderate as to complexity and with inexpensive adornments. Prom hairdos for formal, business meetings should have neat, laconic, strict shape. The hairdo’s shape should be quite simple and elegant. A short haircut is super appropriate in this case, while extravagant hairdos and bright make-up are out of place. Prom hairdos for shows and demonstrations are marked by a special extravagance. Elements, decisions and décor, used with these models, bring the brightest elements of prospective fashion. Tips: To get a perfect prom hairdo you’d better gather photos of prom hairdos you like. When being in a consultation with a stylist it will be easier for you to explain what you wish; Choosing accessories for your prom updo decoration, make sure that they go with your dress general style, sometimes it’s better to refuse this or that element; Maintain the balance – different details of your image should counterpoise. If you are tall, it’s better not to make a too high prom updo, and on the contrary, such updo will help make up for the height lack.
Written by Lily Mollison
Submitted by Lily Mollison

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At last spring has come into its own and we may say good-bye to various headpieces! Hairdos of a spring-summer season 2006 first of all stress their holders’ naturalness and individuality. Accurate streaks and static curls are replaced by light hair waves, while natural gloss of hair is just an inevitable detail. This year tendencies are noticeably influenced by 60s with their high hairdos.This summer the hair color you’ve chosen is not of great importance; the main thing is to create an effect of sun beams playing in tendrils. It can be reached with the help of plural-hues coloring, this very technique is given preference of many hair stylists nowadays. Honey and gold tints are good for blondes and chocolate – for brunettes. The hair color gradually passes from the dark one near hair roots to the lighter one on ends, thus the effect of strands lightly burnt in the sun is achieved. The play of hues looks especially naturally with large curls. The summer season absolute peak is a ponytail in all its variations: high, low, sleek, wavy, long, medium, neat, tousled... Choose a way you like it more, not forgetting the way it suits you. A high ponytail, falling onto your shoulders like a cascade, reminds about cinema classic divas. A great fan of such hairdo was Catherine Deneuve. Such tail emphasizes lines of neck and chin in an advantageous way. A necessary condition is volume, hair should drop onto shoulders, probably with a subtle lock. This hairdo is the most appropriate for special occasions and exquisite meetings. A short and wavy ponytail is a favorite of this season. Tease you hair at the crown, to avoid a distinct silhouette of your head, and tousle the tail into fluffy waves. The result turns out to be very sexual. A low volumetric tail suits head of any form. This hairdo is not only practical, but also harbors charm of an innocent sexuality. The low ponytail is done parted (in the middle or at some side) and a bit tousled. Long bangs “from ear to ear” is popular as well, so, if you have short bangs, it’s time to start growing it. Perhaps, the most ancient hairdo for long hair is a plait. A plait is considered to be an attribute of provincials and little girls. Spring-summer season 2006 gave a new birth to plait and proved that besides its practical side, the plait brings with itself a big potential and can be not only an elegant hairdo, but quite extravagant as well. If you prefer short haircuts, they are certainly asymmetrical and a bit longer than usually this year. An effect of a subtle carelessness is created by the play of different length locks. A new hairdo is always better to “test” on the eve of an important occasion, so that to feel confident and comfortable and not to think about getting out hair pins or bangs, dropping on your eyes. In spring, when nature wakes up and renews, a hairdo, be it even not downright radical one, helps throw off stress, gathered during the winter time, and feel lightness and gladness of coming changes, because they are guaranteed with a new image!
Written by Lily Mollison
Submitted by Lily Mollison

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A half year ago the fashion required short hairstyles with ragged or jagged edges. Today, long hair is in style again. And how to follow all the canons here? However, new boom in hair extension popularity is not completely connected with real fashion requirements.It’s clear, that manufacturers of hair extension technologies and products lobby their interests in high fashion trends. And in spite of the fact, that many experts don’t recommend to use hair extension, as the extended hair strands are bad for our health, the number of people who want to use this attribute of the extravagant style increases with each new fashion season. Forbidden fruit tastes sweetest! Some say that extension damages hair; some say that it damages hair less than African Braids. And only from your own experience you can understand who is right here… Idea center Hair Extension - African Braided Style. Why we are talking about Black continent once again? Because, it has a direct bearing here. The European stylists decided to put the extension, braids and rastas in one line not only with the purpose to make this service the most popular. In reality, the first who decided to attach straightened, smoothed, shine foreign hair (or their substitutes) to the natural one were the Africans. Also, they were first who created extension technologies. Of course, the modern Europe methods of “volume and length creation” have little in common with their originated ones. But, it’s well known, that in the West the author of idea is treated with great respect. So, the Africans deserve their profits by right. African secrets Extension for people of the African race is the barest necessity. As those, who have their coarse, curly hair by nature, as a rule, should straighten them making it softer and brighter. All want to have that they have never had. The inhabitants of Africa have been straightening their hair by hook or by crook for ages. However, the hair follicle of the African race people is structured spirally: it can be untwisted but at the same time, the structure of the hair will be broken. Head of hair becomes similar to a fur hat. Such hair will never shine. As it’s known, necessity knows no law. The Africans were able to use the different length and thickness hair extension methods with ease. If you see an African with crew-cut hair with straight and shining hair, you must be sure, they used hair extension. Artful design African technologies are traditionally close to the Nature. It’s been like that till now. This extension based on African method starts with the neutralizing of natural hair. Hair is braided tightly with individual braids all around the scalp. This method of braids is similar to the French, just a little bit different, as the braids are turned inside out. All the hair of a client is involved in complicated braiding: just bangs including some more hair on the both sides from the area where the parting will be are left free. The foreign hair is attached to the braided natural. The wide hair extension strands are called “tresses”. They are attached to your head by sewing or by tying. They are affixed close to each other thus, as a result, you can’t see the extended hair under the upper hair layers. Finally, the stylists cut “new” hair shortly, dye and make complicated updos of them. Many Africans got used to such extension long since. The methods with glue, hot gum and latch hooks used by European race are seemed to be unnatural to them. But Europeans, to the contrary, are not recommended to make complicated braiding on the scalp because of their thin-skin cover. Tight braiding causes headaches and can lead to insomnia. Know-how Hair extension is very popular in Africa, America and many European countries. In the west the extension technology became popular in 1995. The first technologies were imported into Russia from France in 1996. The Italian technology “Great Lengths” has been popular for a long time. A little bit later everybody used the Austrian technology “Easy Hair”. The salons using French technology, known in the market as Pierre Balmain brand, and those using any know-how of England origin are highly competitive today. There are many technologies but they are the same thing. According to the modern extension technology “strand by strand” the foreign hair pieces are attached to the natural ones about 0.4 inch from the scalp. The attaching material as a rule is gum or special polymer glue. Nevertheless, the notorious Balman and Britain hair extension systems can differ in safety of extensions and price. In the first case, the specialist uses only finished extended hair pieces which already have gum capsules in the ends (35-50 hairs per strand). The specialist attaches such pieces to the client’s natural hair and heats the capsule with the special iron. The gum becomes viscous and coats your natural hair. The main disadvantage of the method is clear: there is a direct contact of your natural hair with a hot electric soldering iron. In the second case, the separate hairs are used. The specialist at his own discretion makes strands of them which differ in thickness. It helps to achieve the best look of your hairstyle finally. Finished strands are attached to natural. Then the specialist applies the drop of gum with the help of a special pistol directly to the place of the attachment and then he rolls this drop in tiny capsule (2-3 mm in diameter). It may seem that the first technology because of its less laboriousness should be cheaper. But it’s not that. The price of materials is much higher than the specialist work. The manufacturer’s cost of each strand with the gum capsule is 2$. The amount of extended hairs is about 150. Also, add the extra charge of the salon and you will understand that Balman technology is highly expensive. By the way, 150 hairs are not enough according to modern measures. The second technology requires more work and skills of a specialist and it allows extending from 300 to 400 strands of different thickness. Foreign hair You should choose not only technology, but extension material as well. You are offered to use the processed natural donor hair or synthetic one – kanekalon hair. Hair of long braided European beauties will be hardly used for extension as it is a real rarity. The extension market is rich, as a rule, in products of Asian origin. However, you should not imagine yourself to be like a beautiful Korean or Cambodian woman – previous owner of the hair. The company making hair extensions grade hair to length and type. As a result, hair pieces taken from different people will be packed in one box. Hot treatment of the material is made not only for disinfection and cleaning but also make the scales lie down flat as the natural hair scales usually are jugged a little bit. Thanks to such forced smoothing, hair becomes both shining and sleek. As a result, extended hair will not become tangled. The natural strands last for 4-5 months. After that, the flat and smoothed scales become jugged again, hair tangles and looses its form and look. During processing hair looses its natural pigment and becomes almost completely transparent. After that, they are dyed in different colors. Synthetic hair The worshippers of the technical progress pay much attention to the question about energetic information carried by natural hair. It can be not only positive they say. Besides the psychological factor the kanekalon gains here because of its small weight. The point is that the heaviness of extended strands highly influences your natural ones and can damage them. In its turn, kanekalon is 80 times lighter than natural material. But again, the vexed question is what more harmful large weight of natural hair or their constant rubbing against kanekalon hair. During long-term wearing the synthetic hair starts to scuff the surface layers of your natural hair as emery. By the way, it is not comfortable to sleep on extended strands. They are unpleasant to the touch, and it’s difficult to wash or blow-dry them. It is strongly recommended not to use the curling tongs and thermo curlers (there are some salons offering the special curlers for synthetic hair). Inside and outside The gum capsules with the help of which the extended hair is attached aren’t visible. You can feel them just when touching hair. Super capsules live long but not always. In three or four months they become soft. The foreign hair starts to fall out. If your hair starts to fall out, don’t be afraid, you won’t become bald-headed. If you loose about 10% of foreign material for four months it is normal. It is recommended to wear hair extension just for four months. Besides the problem of dissolving and removing of glue or gum capsule in natural way, you can see that as your natural hair will grow as the growing capsules will tangle hair. Also, it is strongly recommended to care for separate tangled extended strands, you should untangle them regularly to avoid plica at the ends. The specialists advise to go to salon to get professional tangling. Removing Thus, about in four months the extension should be removed. It is a very harmful stage in hair extension. Though the removal process requires 2 hours to remove the extension in contrast to the extension process, which lasts for about eight hours. The foreign strands are removed with the help of the special liquid solution that dissolves capsules. First, the specialist applies the solution to each capsule and then crushes it with special pliers. Keep in mind, removing solution includes acetone. However, the manufacturers try to dilute it with special emollient oils but nevertheless the acetone isn’t useful for hair. But, those who use hair extension say that we use acetone as a nail varnish remover and our nails stay undamaged. They insist hair can’t be damaged strongly. Extension is popular today but it isn’t connected exactly with the fact that the classical look of a hairdo made of long foreign or synthetic strands are back in fashion. The point is that you should be able to change your image and style as fast as the fashion changes. You should try to surprise people and be a bright person. But, don’t forget, that hair extension is not similar to the extreme look of braids and rastras. First of all, it’s a rich classical hairstyle!
Written by Lily Mollison
Submitted by Lily Mollison

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The entire history of hairdressing business started from the moment when a woman wanted to decorate her appearance for the first time to be notable. A primitive human looked into a river and saw his/her reflection and thought that his/her braids tied up with a leopard skin would look much better than loose hair.“Why not?” – thought a primitive human and started to make a reality of his grandiose plan. The result exceeded all expectations, the first hairdo was notable for its daintiness in comparison with other people’s hairstyles that time, its easement was amazing. The first “defile” was successful. Amazed contemporaries wanted to have the same bands for their heads… This way the new kind of art – hairdressing business was started. Hairdo forming was under the community influence, climate conditions and many other factors. Conception of beauty has been changing for centuries and what seemed beautiful at one period of time, later looked ugly and vice versa. But one thing was constant, it is human tendency to stand out and show their individuality. Ancient Egypt and Ancient East Hairdressing Art The hairdressing business originates from distant past. Let’s view Ancient World hairdressing art. Ancient Egyptians wore wigs: thoroughly braided hair was cut at grade, below ears (the first “Bob”), hair bings or braids were put back and fixed by using hair hoops or diadems, combs, hair-pins. Wigs, made from expensive materials, were pagan priests’ and later the ruling class representatives’ property. Modern color was dark brown or black. They used a plant color – henna. In our minds let’s move to the best still well-preserved portrait sculpture patterns of Ancient Egypt. Nofret Statuette (Ancient Egypt, 2700-2500 B.C., Cairo, Museum), made from soft limestone, colored into prescribed for that time for women’s sculptures brown-and-yellow color, blue-gray color eyes, made from blue-gray chalcedony (sapphire), hair locks carefully braided and cut at the shoulders level and a diadem adorned head with symbolic images. That time, relating to the fifth Pharaoh’s dynasty (the middle of the third millennium B.C.), requirements of absolute conformity with a real person were demanded to the portrait sculpture because in the view of the Egyptian religion, vital energy (“Ka”) and a human soul (“Ba”) could find their terrestrial organism again after death. This way a real sculpture portrait, according to which we could judge about a hairdo, had been arising. The end of XV and the begging of XIV centuries B.C. is Nefertiti’s era that means “a beauty is coming”… Today a sculpture image of an ancient queen with her amazing hairstyle is charming us. It was the era of the golden age to create various mixtures for skin pamper. Ancient Egyptians were experts in creams and perfumes as nobody else. Men in Ancient Egypt shaved their beards with stone and bronze devices, but during receptions a pharaoh wore a wig and a false beard, commoners had loose hair. In the Old testament you can read about the meaning of long hair for men’s beauty and power. The secret of Solomon’s power was in his hair and when he lost his hair he lost his power. Beautiful curly women’s hair charmed and filled hearts with trembling tenderness – let’s remind inspired “Song of Songs”... Avessalom king’s was a handsome young man with luxuriant, thick and curly hair. Men had long hair combed back. They were arranged into spiral locks on forehead and into circles near the ears and neck. Ancient Greece Hairdressing Art Ancient Greece hairdressing art is considered to be the most developed. The word “make-up” has Greek origin and means “the art to decorate”. Greeks knew many secrets of healing cosmetic products, the cult of a human body prevailed in the country, hairdos were made professionally and very thoroughly: men and women used various methods to braid hair and perm it by using curling tongs which were called calamices and people, who made this work were called calamicers. It took a long time to make a hairdo because it was complicated to make, while making aromatized powders with color effects were used. Most women tried to have ashy and goldish hair. Greek women’s heavy and thick hair arranged into knots at the napes, hairdos decorated with diadems, glass beads, hoops and bands. Clothes decorations, clothes and hairstyle fitted the whole way of Hellene life. The idea of Greek women’s hairdos we can get by examining works of ancient Greeks’ art: luxuriant, curly hair parted in the middle, combed back and arranged into a knot on the forehead. How did the women who went down to history look like? Aspasia, who was special in her perfect features, was one of the most amazing women of the Ancient World, she could hold conversations with Sophocl, Socrat and “the father of history” Gerodot… Amazing hairdo: frontal area hair was parted into little locks from the crown of the head to the forehead, the locks were braided and arranged carefully at the nape. The Hairdressing Art in Ancient Rome In imperial Rome blond hair and wings were rated highly. It’s not inconceivable that blond beauties from German tribes made Romans women envious. Noble Romans women paid too much attention to their appearances: they used make-up every day, the hairdressing art got virtuosity, women’s hairdos were intricate. Poems and evil epigrams were composed about them. That time well-done backcombed perming was modern. Those who didn’t have luxurious hair used wigs. In Roman therms cosmetic slaves massaged patrician’s bodies, virtuosos-masters made hairdos and compete in inventiveness. “It is easier to count oak acorns than enumerate Roman women’s hairdos.” A product to change hair color was invented: dark color into blond. The secret of making it hasn’t survived and hasn’t been discovered. That time Romans started to cut hair: men had short haircuts, shaved moustache and beard. As time went by ancient Rome masters determined their style: hairdos, which used to have Greek character before, started to be notable for their great laconicism, forms conciseness, variety (appear inventiveness in hair braiding, arranging hair in rollers, locks and hair bleaching). Wealth Roman women wore jewelry: diadems framed an open forehead, ear-rings supplemented an attire; the peasantry women covered their heads with tippets. There are Ancient Rome hairdos. There is sadly known Messalina Valeria – Claudius’ wife - that time – Rome time, sank into luxury and debauchery (25-48 A.D.). The Hairdressing Art in the European Middle Ages Epoch In the Middle Age the cult of a Beautiful Lady and the knight’s service to her arose, it’s also time of love lyrics prosperity. E.g., let’s remind a novel about amazing Tristan and Izolda’s love, when Tristan saw an Izolda’s hair, which was brought by a swallow, got smitten with ardent love for her. Thanks to poets, it is easy to image the women’s ideal that time: a Beautiful Lady was fragile and very thin, almost unbodied, with white skin, like a lily, and large blue eyes. Long goldish locks fell down till hips. Young women used to wear loose hair. Married women had to hide their hair under a headscarf to let only their husbands – masters and sovereigns – admire their beauty. Curls were a necessary condition of beauty. They were made by using tongs and specially warmed-up sticks. Even though censors considered the natural women’s desire to look better than they were to be sinful. “Those who curl their hair should go to the hell because there is no other way for them,” – it is a quotation from the Middle Age play. In the late Middle Age women, according to the Roman-Catholic churches decree, had to cover their hair with caps, headscarves, covers, it was considered to be sinful to stay bare-headed. They had long hair, parted in the middle, braided their hair and put back at the nape, an attire was put over the hairdo. Young girls braided their hair carefully, bound with bands and covered with tippets. Men wore smoothly combed back and arranged into flocks hair, free growing beard and moustache. That time was not productive for the hairdressing art development. In the period of the late Middle Age end women’s hairdos started to look newly like Greek hairdos. “The community develops periodically and these cycles repeat.” (Arnold Toybe-a philosopher.) After the long lasting Middle Age “fast” started the all-European “feast”: “Decameron” Boccaccio” are replaced by the Bible; nobody lived without horoscopes, foretellers – the epoch to enjoy the life was coming, the Renaissance. The Hairdressing Art in the Renaissance (XIV-XVI centuries) In the Renaissance epoch all the people were eager to enjoy their lives on the Earth but not in Heaven. “Oh! How youth is beautiful but momentary! Sing, laugh, be happy, if you want to be happy and don’t count on tomorrow”, - wrote Lorenzo Medici – the Florence ruler - in his poems. An absolutely new epoch changed everything: the way of life, people’s philosophy and psychology, art, architecture style… South women did everything to be blond. They stayed in the baking sun rays on the balconies, wore wide-brimmed hats to protect from tan (white skin was modern then); hair locks were put on the hat brims. The necessary condition in a hairdo was an open high forehead, to be more expressive women tried to make their forehead higher by shaving some hair above the foreheads. Sometimes they shaved eyebrows. Hairdressing art developed in the new way. There was a return to the antiquity heritage, hairdos became complicated again using expensive decorations, feathers and diadems. We can judge about it by Botticelli’s pictures, because Simonetta Vespucci was the modern beauty, she inspired Sandro Botticelli more than once (you could see her features in Botticelli’s picture “Venera”). The men’s style is shoulder lenghth hair, arranged in a roller, framed the face and the neck, shaved beard and moustache. The Hairdressing Art in Baroque Style Epoch (XVII - the Middle of XVIII Centuries) A new art style arose in the middle of XVII century, Spain became Baroque style founder. Baroque spread around the whole Europe very quickly. France, England and other countries mastered hairdos and developed them, their style fitted clothes of that time: modern for that time “jabot” collars (by hypothesizes, Phillip’s III wife, who had a long neck, brought into fashion high, stand-up collars) needed a large hair volume. They were decorated with jewelry and covered with a hat-beret. The second part of XVII century is the time of Spain, unyoked from Moors and become a powerful state. Spanish suit of that time is compared with a trunk, filled with gold and jewelry: it dazzles with its magnificence. In complicated hairdos you could often see sparkling gold and silvery locks (sensu stricto). That time men’s style was a short hair cut with a wedge-shaped moustache and a beard (“Spanish beard”). After 1638 it came French epoch. France became the trendsetter. The French fashion golden age in Baroque style was the middle of XVII. It is the century of a wig, which cost an arm and a leg. Complicated hairdos in the frameworks made from wire came into fashion, a hairdo “a la Fontage” with fillets and laces between which hair locks were held became fashionable. The name appeared due to a king’s favorite - Maria Angelica de Fontage. The legend tells that once her hair disarranged while hunting and she tied it up her with a fillet. The king was delighted and asked de Fontage to wear such hairdo more often. At first it was soft and low, and then a cloth got starched and pulled on a wire framework. Hairdos were turned into high towers. Even carriages were made with convertible tops – otherwise a woman would not be able to go inside. The Hairdressing Art in Rococo Style Epoch (The First Half of XVIII Century) Everything is slipping by and changing. Who gets the top, then he goes down. For the French estate monarchy the way down was started, as it is well known, in Ludovik’s XIV lifetime and lasting till the revolution. “The sun-king” said: “The state is me”, however he took care for the French greatness in his own way. Ludovik XV didn’t refuse absolutism claims at all, and cared only for his enjoyments. The biggest part of his surrounding aristocratic servants didn’t care about anything except enjoyments. His time was the time of a greedy chase for enjoyments, the time of cheerful lifetime spending. But no matter how sometimes aristocratic idlers amusements were dirty, that time community styles differed in indisputable elegancy, beautiful refinement, which made France trendsetter. And this elegancy and refined tastes had their expression in aesthetic concepts that time. Refinement elegancy and nicety of sensual enjoyment were being spread everywhere. In 1740 Niron in one of his poems wrote to Ludovik’s XV lover, lady Pompadour on behalf of the famous painter Bushe: To tell you the truth, I am just looking for Elegancy, gracefulness and beauty, Softness, politeness and cheerfulness, In short all that sensuality or playfulness breathe with. And all that without redundant familiarity is Under cover, which the captious virtue requests. The early Rococo style epoch came to take the place of Baroque style. Unnaturally looked high hairdos gave place to small, refined, hairdos with tube locks. “A powdered hairdo” appeared. Refined and attractive marquise de Pompadour, who appeared at court with new and new hairdos, set the fashion. Ludovik XV admired this petite woman, who brought into fashion high-heeled shoes and high hairdos for the first time in accordance with petite women’s style. Later (under Maria Antoinette) hairdressing art got a very important role, there were academies founded to teach to make unique hairdos hairdressing. After 1770 in the late Rococo epoch hairdressing art prosperity came. That time navy battles with miniature sailers and paradise gardens appeared on women’s heads... Small hairdo style in the beginning of Rococo epoch started to grow by leaps and bounds. Hairdressers were worth weight in gold. Powder which was made from flour was used in great quantities. Hairdressing Art in Classicism Style Epoch (XVIII – the beginning of XIX) The Great French Revolution was the end of the “vain marquises” epoch. Maria Antoinette put her beautiful head on the executioner's block. The whole epoch died with her death. Cl*ssicism, antiquity cult, Greek style and Roman style got into fashion. “Halls were furnished in antiquity style; striking changes in clothes and hairstyle: there was everything “a la antic” – women’s dresses were likened to tunics, hair was arranged as an elegant diadem… Fashionable women wanted to look like an ancient statue.” It was the first time when short women’s hair cuts appeared. A hair cut “a la Titus” with short cut and fine waved lock ends appeared in memory of those who died on a guillotine (hair was cut before an execution, the neck was to be naked). Madam Recamier’s hair on David’s portrait was arranged exactly in this way. A wide band holds her hair around her head. On Gerard’s portrait madam Recamier’s hair was arranged in Greek style: bunched hair decorated with an ornamental needle. Since the second half of XVIII hairdos became simpler and more natural, frequently with only one hairpin but sometimes it was just tied as a knot. Curls were a must. Hairdressing Art in the Empire Style (1800-1815) and Biedermeier (the middle of XIX) In 1800 in France when Napoleon I came to power the Empire style appeared, trying different methods to make curls were the characteristic feature of that time: round, spiral, plane and etc. Curls were decorated with feathers, hairpins, hair hoops. Men had middle sized hair, combed towards the face. After Napoleon’s defeat hairdos in the Empire style went out of fashion – Biedermeier had came. This unique style appeared in 20th years of XIX century in Vienna. It was the peak of the hairdressing art fullest flower: luxuriant curls framed temples, hair volume was arranged into various ornament. Hairdos were decorated with bands, veils, flowers, pearls, diadems. In Biedermeier epoch hairdos looked like ornamental architecture. As usually preference was given to blondes. Men had whiskers, locks at the forehead, high bings, not covering the forehead. Unique style of that epoch revived the art of making complicated hairdos with applying last for that time hairdressing appliances: hair dying and bleaching methods by using hydrogen peroxide, circling-irons and etc. – all of these appliances (of course, improved) are used in the present time. Hairdressing Art in the Eclecticism Epoch (the second part of XIX Century) The Bourgeois Revolution in 1848 inaugurated the beginning of capitalism development. France gained influence in the fashion field again. Hairdos became simpler, even though complicated hairdos with long hair were popular as usually till the end of XIX and the beginning of XX centuries. Men’s fashion in the end of XIX and the beginning of XX was a short parting in the middle and clean-shaven moustache and beard, frequently divided downwards. The end of XIX century is characterized by the technological progress: a French, Marsel, invented a circling-irons in 1881, he brought to perfection a method to curl hair by using chemicals invented by a German professor – Fisher. In 1904 a German, Sharl Nestle, invented a method of making long lasting hair perming by using chemicals and heating. That time a short women’s geometrical hair cut came into fashion. The World War I made women do men’s job. A woman had to walk with vigorous strides, she needed in comfortable clothes and she had no time to curl her hair. A new image came into fashion – a woman-boy with a short dress and a short geometrical form hair cut. It was a revolution. Cinema, which couldn’t speak that time, got more and more influence on the fashion. The previous woman’s ideal, incarnated into Lillian and Dorothy Gish and especially into Mary Pickford, - naive and virgin angels, lived out its days. Mary’s complicated hairdo became her trademark. It looked like that: huge hair mass, carefully divided into 18 tight locks (two of them are still being kept in Hollywood in the cinema museum). However, the beauty incarnated into Pickford began to seem out-of-date. A woman-vamp appeared. The twentieths of XX century – is that rare epoch when blondes predominance was finally overthrown. On the screen and in the life prevailed such women like Asta Nielsen, Theda Bara, Francesca Bertini, - fragile and pale, with black, short cut hair in “Bob” style with straight hair bings, falling down over too brightly made up eyes. The whole decade followed under the badge of Greta Garbo with her beautiful face like “made from the light and loneliness” and Marlene Dietrich. In the forties women’s clothes style was coarse and militarized. It may seem strange though but complicated hairdos with locks till shoulders and luxuriant c*coons on a head. In the fifties Marilyn Monroe appeared in the world cinema. A chain of her roles – stories about beautiful blondes with “eyes which open for brilliants and shut for kisses”. In the end of fifties after Roger Vadim’s movie “God created a woman” Bridget Bardo became a young people’s idol. She brought into fashion a line of hairdos: straight and long loose hair, a “Pony tale”, luxuriant “Barbette’ with backcombing. In the sixties one more future super star, who would be called “the most beautiful woman in the World”, dyed her hair blonde. It was Katrin Denev. “She looks like Bridget Bardo”, journalists wrote. At the end of the sixties an English hairdresser Vidal S*ssoon created a famous democratic hair cut. Twenty five years later he called it his own contribution to the women’s emancipation. “I have lightened a small part of women’s everyday life. I have found a hair cut for them which is easy to keep in form, just wash hair, dry it and shake your head…” That time women were keen on various colored wigs, right up to grey, lilac, fiery red. The seventies brought the perming to the World. As in the old days young people’s movement influenced the fashion. At the end of that decade punks appeared in London, they shocked everybody with their appearance. Punks hairdos looked like bristling hedgehogs and porcupines: uncombed, ragged hair locks standing on end, dyed into wild colors. The fashion didn’t reject the punks’ style but refined it. Women started wearing hair cuts - “Cascade”, also very short hair cuts - “Hedgehog” – came into fashion. In the middle eighties the fashion pendulum swung to the female side. “What kind of hairstyle will come to take place of dyed in different colors and untidy scattered locks? Long hair, which was so lovely and esteemed past time, finally returns. At last women will look like women. Locks, curls, waves fluently falling down to shoulders came into fashion,” – men in an American magazine exclaimed in 1986. Softness, feminity and naturalness are the three foundations of those days fashion in hairdos. There are nostalgic notes: modelers admired the women’s beauty of the past. Except hair cuts there are also hairdos in Marina Vladi, Bridget Bardo, Audrey Hepburn’s style… Hair dyeing got its perfection. You can dye your hair every week like Linda Evangelista, but remember that the most modern color is the color which nature gave us. Dyestuffs were replaced by color shampoos that enrich natural hair color, give it marvelous mixture of tints. More and more admirers of natural plant hair-dyes appeared, by using them your hair would come alive and shine… The fashion gives a rare possibility to keep individuality and stay like you are. Even in Renaissance epoch, when everybody went crazy about blondes, famous Shakespeare berhymed his black-haired “swarthy lady”: In the old age black was not counted fair, Or if it were, it bore not beauty's name; But now is black beauty's successive heir, And beauty slandered with a bistard shame. For since each hand hath put on nature's power, Fairing the foul with art's false borrowed face, Sweet beauty hath no name no holy bower, But is profaned, if not lives in disgrace. Therefore my mistress' eyes are raven black, Her eyes so suited, and they mourners seem, At such who, not born fair no beauty lack, Sland'ring creation with a false esteem. Yet so they mourn, becoming of their woe, That every tongue says beauty should look so. Who knows, may be the “swarthy lady” stayed alive for ages just because she risked not to fall under influence of transient fashion and preferd just to be herself?
Written by Lily Mollison
Submitted by Lily Mollison

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Hair health depends on nourishment by 20 %, proper care by 30% and the hairbrushes we use by 50%. For Daily Care A natural bristle brush is ideal for fine damaged hair. Bristle consists of keratin (of the same structural material as hair), that’s why it doesn’t damage locks and prevents hair from static electricity. Shortcoming: doesn’t work with thick and wet hair. A cushion brush suits for weak tangled strands. It gives a mild scalp massage. Being springy prevents from painful jerks and hair damage. A bristle tufts brush is designed for combing out thick tangled hair. It’s also good for detangling even the toughest knots not thinning out head of hair. A long large-toothed wooden comb is necessary for long thick or curly hair. It helps smooth hair scales and makes strands sleek and glossy. Choose well-polished combs that cause no damage to your hair. Shortcoming: remember, microbes increase in number very fast on a comb like that, that’s why you should wash it weekly, and change to the new one every six months. A nylon bristle and rubber base flat brush is good for coarse middle length hair. Shortcoming: you will fail to comb long hair thoroughly, and if you have short hair it can scratch the scalp. The condition of brittle damaged hair will change for the worse after using this brush. A metal rounded teeth comb has an anti-static quality and will put the most tangled hair in order. Shortcoming: a sharp-toothed comb can damage the scalp and split the ends. Ebony combs as well as the combs made of a high-grade plastic and beech shaving will make your hair shine and remove static electricity. Suitable for all hair types. It’s not recommended to use a plastic comb. It makes hair electrified. Besides it heats up and emits harmful substances when used with a blow dryer. For Styling A round large brush with varying length bristle is ideal for styling a hairdo a la artistic confusion. It makes locks fluffy and flexible because of its peculiar shape. A round wooden brush with natural bristle helps smooth hair damaging neither hair structure nor ends. A helpful hint: the less the brush diameter is, the thicker and the shorter the bristle must be. A round metal brush with plastic bristle is ideal for making your hair volumous. But you shouldn’t use it too often. At the best you’ll get off with the split ends, at the worst you’ll get dull brittle strands. A helpful hint: the brushes of a small diameter are good for creating volume at hair roots. A round brush with nylon bristle and a rubber cushion suits for curly and wavy hair straightening. A brush with air-cushioned rubber base and natural bristle is multifunctional one. With the help of it you can straighten your hair, add some volume, and even slightly curl it. Shortcoming: works on the same principle as thermo-rollers and has all their drawbacks. After the frequent use hair looks like a straw wisp. For Hairstyle Emphasizing A fork-shaped thin comb is used for strands and fringe styling. A plastic or metal fine-tooth comb with a thin long handle is designed for strands separating and teasing. A plastic wide-toothed comb is good for gel applying and distributing it evenly all over the hair. Top combs and brushes The most practical comb is carboxylic one with ceramic spraying. It makes hair as smooth as Chinese silk. It doesn’t accamulate the dirt and dust and doesn’t require any special care. A silicone comb is the most timeproof. It works well with fine permed hair without tangling and pulling out strands. A brush with ball emds is the most sparing not snapping or damaging the hair. If the tips are made of the same material and color as teeth, the brush can be in use for much longer. A wooden comb is the most beneficial. When used daily, it helps increase hair growth. A metal comb with sharpened teeth is the most traumatic for the hair. Stylists tips ·Choose combs and brushes made of a natural materials. They are more sparing for hair. ·Try not to use cheap plastic combs that have a seam in the center of each tooth. While combing they scrape off the keratin layer by layer. As a result the strands become weak and dull. ·Wash combs with soap every week at least. Dust, dirt, sebum are the perfect medium for microbes multiplication and appearing on the hair they provoke dandruff, excess greasiness, or vice versa the scalp dryness. ·Dry brushes in the open air turning the bristle down in order to let water trickle down instead of soaking in the base. There is an idea that… -If you comb your hair before going to bed, you will have a headache in the morning. It’s false. Modern scientists proved that this process helps cleansing the scalp from dead cells, dust and sebum, and a slight massage improves hair nourishment and increases its growth. There is no word about headache. -It is essential to comb your hair before going to bed no less than hundred times right to left at first, then vice versa. It’s true. The direction does not matter. Besides, it’s a perfect massage for the scalp but only if you’ve got a high-quality comb. Otherwise, your hair can be seriously damaged. -You shouldn’t comb wet hair. It’s true. It becomes more fragile, easy to span and draw. -Comb short hair beginning with the roots, long hair with the ends separating hair into strands. It’s true. The longer hair is, the wider space between teeth must be. -Do not comb hair often. It’s true. Twice a day is enough. If you do it more often, hair will quickly get dirty.
Written by Lily Mollison
Submitted by Lily Mollison

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The first grey hair, that is often associated with old age coming, is usually met with philosophical mood at best, and at the worst – with fear and depressive spirits. However, silver threads in the hair mop in most cases are far from being harbingers of life sunset.What’s the reason of the grey hair then and are there any methods to avoid this lot? The hair color is determined by melanin pigment, produced in special, located in hair bulbs, cells – melanocytes. Situated in the neighborhood, keratinocytes synthesize protein – the essential building material for hair. At a certain stage pigment combines with protein and a hair is born into the world colored. Our hair color depends on the kind of melanin, produced in our organism. There are only two variants: if it is eumelanin, hair is black or brown, pheomelanin provides hair with red and yellowish, blond tints. The intensity of color is the consequence of the pigment quantity. Most often hair becomes grey as a sign and result of our organism ageing. From biological aspect, hair color losing is taking place because of melanocyte functions decreasing. At first tyrosinase ferment activity – indispensable participant of melanogenesis (the process of melanin production) - gradually decreases, and then it stops its functioning completely. The beginning of this process is determined genetically. Note, that Europeans first encounter grey hair at the age of 34±10, Asians at the age of 30-34, and the most lucky here is Negroid race, the average age for them to encounter grey hair is 43±10. And though grey hair on the head of a dark-haired man is more visible, it happens oftener with blond people. It was discovered also, that beard and moustache turn grey earlier than the hair on the head and body. Women’s hair, as a rule, turn grey at first on the temples and then on the top and the back of the head. But some people encounter the problem of grey hair too early. Such poliosis, happening at the age under 20 for Europeans and under 30 for Negroid race, can be both hereditary, that is genetically conditioned, and acquired. And if in the first case the reason of turning grey is obvious, in the second case we often don’t know what to lay the blame on. So, why do such unexpected changes happen? Scientists, who seem to have learnt a human organism “from A to Z” cannot give unanimous answer. Often untimely turning grey is associated with autoimmune diseases (for example, pernicious anemia, hyperfunctioning of thyroid gland) and various inborn syndromes. There are cases, when under the influence of some unfavorable factors pigment suddenly stops to be produced or kept on protein of a hair strand. It can happen, for example, because of shortage of microelements, working as ferment particles. Their shortage can lead to ferment hypoactivity. History known cases when people turned grey for exceptionally short period of time. Most often it took place because of intense nervous experiences. For instance, Maria Antoinette’s head turned absolutely grey just for a night before the death penalty. This phenomenon has scientific explanation. Inside a hair there is so-called medullary layer, core, the thinnest channel, through which liquid circulates. It is supposed that neuropeptides, produced by organism in stressful situations, come by blood vessels to the hair bulb. Then, through this central channel, they penetrate strand of hair and influence in a way that breaks chemical link, uniting melanin and protein. After it, the pigment can quickly fall out, wash away, become neutralized: it doesn’t last for a long time in itself. However, there is another, less understandable, theory of appearing of grey hair. According to it, under some factors there appear air spaces in hair texture, light refraction changes and hair becomes grey. Thus, mechanisms of losing color are divided into inborn and acquired. In the first case there are no effective methods of struggle, except cosmetic ones: arguing with the Nature is almost useless. Then we resort to the help of hair-dyes, becoming not just makeup preparation, but a true elixir of the youth. Manufactures took pains long ago to avoid lack of hair-dyes. Today, when market of cosmetic products for men is developing especially intensely, even special makeup preparations for beard, moustaches and whiskers are worked up for the strongest half of the mankind. No wonder, that hair-dyes are the production, having wide popularity, after all they gift not only beauty, but peace of mind. These are complexes, connected with fear of problems of social character, for instance – difficulties when taking a job or losing popularity among the opposite sex, that lie at the heart of inimical attitude to turning grey. In social opinion of Europeans a grey-headed man is perceived as a flat and less perspective one. And though there are people, whom ash-grey hair suits very well, most of men and women deeply worry and scrutinize the first silver strands in mirror with discontent. Perhaps, it’s people in the East, who take the hair color change quite easy, there old age isn’t considered as misfortunate, but as a fine period of human life, and grey-haired old men are accepted as true sages. However, in Europe weaker and stronger sex perception of this problem is also different: while women are absolutely unready to put up with it, most often men are inclined to treat grey hair more philosophically, calling it the sign of experience, steadiness and even spiritual nobleness. It’s interesting to note the list of 174 “invented” diseases, published in the British medical journal. The gray hair problem is among this list, having taken its place near cellulites, alopecia and freckles. When the reason of gray hair is derangement of metabolism or external factors, it’s possible to try to renew your natural hair color, however cases of “recovery” are extremely rare. That is why, even if it’s almost impossible to foresee untimely turning grey, you can make all efforts to avoid it. And though we are not insured against old age or unexpected stresses, something is still within our power. Generally speaking, preventive measures against untimely turning grey, however hackneyed they might sound, are: healthy life-style and good balanced nutrition. Long-lasting wearisome diets, excluding consuming products, rich in proteins, can have negative effect both on your health condition and your hair color. And in case years will dye your hair silver, turn your face to the East, may be silver threads on your head are the sign of life wisdom, and not a God’s penalty.
Written by Lily Mollison
Submitted by Lily Mollison

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Head skin What we see – luxurious shoulder length hair and short bob, plaits and shiny “bright” hair - it’s just dead hair cells, forming a long structure (a strand of hair). Only root, hidden in the scalp is alive.That’s why to make your hair healthy, first of all you should care of your scalp. Start from massage: Here is an exercise for improving blood circulation: make circular movements with your fingers, spread apart a little, behind the ears, then from temples to the top of the head. Exercise for sebaceous glands regulation: put fingers, spread apart, on the left and the right temples; making pressing movements, gradually drawing hands together. It’s good to give a massage, using products based on various oils: orange, lavender, sverbena, eucalyptus, rosemary, jojoba, almond. However, when massaging skin, don’t try to rub it. With the help of the fingers the skin should shift along the skull, while the fingers themselves shouldn’t move, if only slightly. Not a single hair lives on our head as long as we do. It grows for about 3 years, then “takes a rest” and finally, dies off and falls out within 2-3 weeks. If periods of activity and passivity would be the same for all the hair, people would become bald from time to time. Fortunately, it’s not this way. However, as time passes by, the quantity of active hair follicles is decreasing anyway. Don’t wait for this sad moment. Start caring of your sumptuous hair beforehand. About hair in short A separate hair lives for a period from several months to six years. The normal rate of hair falling out – 30-50 hairs per 24 hours. In general, there are approximately 100 thousand hairs on the head of an adult. Almost entirely, by 97% a hair consists of albumen – keratin, fortified with sulfur, microelements (iron, copper, zinc, chromium, manganese) and vitamins А, В, Р, С, О. How to choose products for hair care? Obviously, that not only weather conditions influence hair state, but also shampoos that we constantly use. It is mousse that plays the most important role in cleaning hair and scalp. A high-quality shampoo should abundantly foam, and white fluffy “cap” should stay on the head for a long time. A good shampoo doesn’t flow like usual water, it gradually “pours out” on your palm, giving chance to measure and apply to the hair a needed dose. Viscosity draws special attention of manufactures. Besides conformity with listed requirements, a modern shampoo should have nice appearance (for instance, at present these are shampoos in transparent bottles that have become popular), shouldn’t decompose because of the temperature drop and long keeping, as well as have additional functions, having become common: antistatic, conditioning, softening, and nourishing scalp, etc. What are shampoo’s ingredients? Judging from specialists’ words, any shampoo presents “chemistry”, whatever ads tell us about “natural” products. Many shampoo ingredients actually have natural origin (for instance, coconuts oils), but they “experience” so many chemical transformations that you shouldn’t have the heart to call the ready product “without chemistry” shampoo. The base of any shampoo consists of detergents complex, because in spite of various “unique” properties, the main thing it should do is to wash hair. Specialists call detergents surfactant (surface active material). The combination of the main surfactants with special co-surfactants, as well as with thickening agent – is a common shampoo. Further, if the requirements for modern shampoos, mentioned above, are satisfied, the product is proper. Danger Unfortunately, any detergent has aggressive nature: it irritates and dries up your scalp, while keratin surface scales of a visible part of the hair start bristling. As a result, there can develop different head skin diseases, hair may start splitting and get tangled. This very problem is expected to be solved by special additions, decreasing dermatologic harshness of the main detergent. But the problem lies, as it often happens, in the cost. Any additions greatly raise the shampoo price. For many manufactures low price is the base of selling, that’s why they save on co-surfactants. It’s even worse when they save on the main detergent: buy badly refined cryptogenous product, add 2-3 vegetable extracts (for instance, chamomile, the useful effect of which is well-known) and sell to credulous buyers. Some biologically active additions (BAA), which present in shampoos almost always, don’t even go with each other. Thus, presence of more than 3-4 BAAs in the product composition can cause an unwanted effect. Another danger is wrong use of preservatives. Trying to replace common preservatives and give a shampoo the status “without preservatives”, many manufactures use essential oils that in certain concentration may cause allergy. How to avoid the problems? No doubt, it’s almost impossible for an inexperienced buyer to state the value of a shampoo’s quality, having read the list of its ingredients. That’s why when choosing a shampoo follow some simple rules: Desist from buying a shampoo if it contains more than 3-4 biologically active additions. A “safe” shampoo cannot cost too low. A high-quality shampoo consists of at least 10-15 ingredients (look at the packing). With all other things being equal, choose products of famous manufacturers (again, be careful if a shampoo has too low price, you may buy forgery). What are common additions? Any additions to a shampoo have certain functions. Having armed with elementary knowledge, you will easily get what kind of shampoo is the best for you. Thin hair will become of more volume if to nourish it by proteins. They coat a hair strand with invisible skim that strengthens the hair and enlarges its diameter. The same quality is ascribed to couched wheat and almond milk. Another product, invigorating thin and fragile hair, is ceramides. Similar to natural lipids in composition and properties, the ceramides replace missing elements, improving hair texture. In other words, the ceramides glue hair surface scales, and as a result, the latter begin to shine and stop splitting. Anti-dandruff shampoo can contain chamomile that strengthens hair roots and assist in decreasing dandruff. If your hair falls out, it would be nice to activate metabolism in head skin cells. It can be done with the help of calendula extract that is good to apply to hair roots. For splitting hair use shampoo with nettle extract. Damaged hair texture can be restored by collagen. If you want to have shining hair just as you see in ads, use products with silicone. It is finely spread on your hair and provides it with smoothness and brilliance. If your hair becomes dry and lifeless in winter, it needs feeding and moistening with the help of ebony, avocado and jojoba oils, as well as of traditional ones – burdock and castor oils. These ingredients can be included into shampoo, but they can be also used separately - as a hair mask. Burdock oil stirs to activity hair growth, struggles with head skin seborrhea oleosa, strengthens hair bulb, removes dandruff and eliminates sebaceous effect. It’s really essential for prevention of hair falling out. Castor oil prevents skin from degreasing and imparts silkiness and brilliance to hair. Reading a shampoo or conditioner composition, you may come across various unknown words. What do they denote? Tricetylmonium Chloride and Hydrolyzed Collagen - conditioning ingredients that help control static and make hair easier to comb. Zinc pyrithione – antidandruff additions. Allantoin – an addition, possessing anti-irritation action. How to wash your hair in a right way? Comb hair before washing and try not to entangle them. Shampoo is better to foam on a palm than on your hair. At first apply shampoo to the scalp, and then spread along the hair. After washing, wipe the hair a little with a towel and apply some conditioner. Leave it for 1-2 minutes and wash away. When blowing-dry, choose the minimal speed. The warmth shouldn’t concentrate on one part of the head, to avoid hair damaging. It often happens that hair themselves are dry, while scalp is greasy and on the contrary. In this case, buy shampoo for fat hair, whereas conditioner – for dry. It is better to keep this conditioner on your hair longer, but it shouldn’t be applied on the scalp and hair roots. To avoid quick hair greasing, don’t touch it too often. Sebum doesn’t spread along hair by itself, hair gets it when comes in contact with skin. That’s why try not to touch greasy and thin hair after setting. It will slow down the process of their becoming greasy, hairdo will keep its form for a longer time, and the hair – healthy appearance. If your hair is dry, brittle, you would better buy a good conditioner. It’s better to apply it enormously and leave for 5-10 minutes, not for 1-2. In this case the conditioner is able to nourish the hair thoroughly. May one wash hair every day? Yes, but in this case you should choose a right shampoo. If your hair becomes dirty quickly, try also other methods of washing: with eggs, curdled milk, gray bread, herbs extracts.
Written by Lily Mollison
Submitted by Lily Mollison

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